Describe and Evaluate the Circumstances in Which a Term may be Implied Essay

Describe and Evaluate the Circumstances in Which a Term may be Implied Into a Contract - Essay Example In some occasions the courts will read a term into the contract even though there has been no agreement. This could happen where the contract would not make sense if the term were not included. Implied terms can be implied by statute or by the courts. The Sale of Goods Act 1979 demonstrates how implied terms are used in contract formation. S12 of this Act implies that the person selling the goods has a legal right to sell those goods. Similarly s13 implies that the goods will correspond to the description if the goods have been advertised in a newspaper or catalogue. There is an implied term regarding the satisfactory quality of the goods under s14. It was decided by the court in Benfield (t/a Autoroute Circuits) v Life Racing Ltd [2007]1 that there was no implied guarantee that a particular outcome would be achieved. The court also found that there was no evidence to prove that the defendant was relying on the plaintiff for such a guarantee. Similarly the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982 also have terms which are implied into the contract. Within that Act there is an implication that the services will be carried out with reasonable skill and care, within a reasonable time and for a reasonable price. In the past the courts have allowed claims under this Act where the goods have been of unsatisfactory quality, where the order has been delivered late or where the price is deemed to be unreasonable. In Walker Crisps Stockbrokers Ltd v Savill [2007]2 the court found that there had been a breach of an implied term of the contract that the broker would carry out his duties with reasonable skill and care. However in the case of Evans v Kosmar Villa Holiday Plc [2007]3 the court of appeal overturned the original ruling that there was an implied term that the holiday company would exercise reasonable skill and care in the provision of facilities and service at the

Marketing Literature review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing - Literature review Example Also, the study analyzes how product placement is utilized in different TV shows and movies in, different countries. Also, the literature review will look at the effects of the product placement on the consumer behavior and how likely are the product placement to change consumers mode of buying a certain commodity. It is crucial for people to know how to use product placement positively (Johnson, 2009). Product placement is the use of diverse types of media to make people conscious of different products and services when they are entertained through watching. Its development dates back upto 1896, when it was used by Lumiere brothers in their short film â€Å"washing day in Switzerland† and they advertised soap. It was introduced by Henri Lavancy who was the film director and publicist for the soap company but, it became popular in the 1930’s when the sound movie was introduced. For example, in 1934 in the movie, â€Å"It happened One Night,† the star Clarke Gable featured bare chest and sale of men’s shirts reduced; therefore, use of the movie is a strong tool of product placement (Johnson, 2009). It gained popularity with the years, but in 1980’s, it became more successful when the movie â€Å"Extra Terrestrial† by Steven Spielberg advertised Reese Pieces and increased its sales by 65%. The 80’s was the turning point of product placement where there was a working partnership between the movies and the commercial sector. According to Mary-Lou, product placement is necessary because moviemakers need money for their movie production; therefore, they will turn to the commercial sector to provide the money and them to provide the services of product placement (Johnson, 2009). Product placement in Sweden developed in the 1990’s when the real first commercial commenced, this was due to strict government regulations on media operations. It has been embraced in the recent past, for example, where TV shows get spon sorship from the commercial sector in SVT. In Kanal 5, the home improvement show â€Å"Room Service† was sponsored Marlamastana which is the trading association of painters. To the broadcasters this is a way of decreasing costs. Therefore, all media houses in Sweden are finding it important to use product placement also; the moviemakers are finding it important to advertise in movies which is becoming popular day by day, for example, in the movie â€Å"Hamilton† 1998 sponsored by Statoil. Product placement in Seinfeld and other TV shows, in the TV show they use product placement in their episode making them come in a unique way. They have registered success in advertising. Also, in the James Bond movies, product placement has been used to show new car models and gadgets (Johnson, 2009). Product placement can be unethical when it brings negative influence like smoking, use of guns. For example, teens tend to smoke if the influential stars in movies do so. In conclusion, product placement has become popular since its inception in the 1930’s. It is important increasing consumers’ knowledge of products. The product placement is embraced in most parts of the world. Also, product placement is an important tool in today’s business where the movie makers use it as a source of sponsorship while commercial industry view it as a source of publicity and a way to expand their market. The Product Involvement Inventory (PII), developed in 1985 by Zaichkowsky is a good measure at construct development. It has shown

Givotia Moluccana Analysis

Givotia Moluccana Analysis MATERIALS AND METHODS 4.1. PLANT MATERIAL 4.1.1. COLLECTION OF PLANT The plant aerial parts of Givotia moluccanawas collected and Authentified by Dr. K. Madhava Chetty, Department of Botany, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi (AP). 4.1.2. PREPARATION OF THE EXTRACT The dried leaves of G. moluccana was collected, cleaned, dried and powdered in a grinder  ­Ã‚ ­- mixer to obtain a coarse powder and then passed through 40 mesh sieve. About 1000 gm of powdered drug was extracted with aqueous ethanol by soxhlet apparatus. The extraction was carried out until the drug becomes exhausted. The solvent was recovered from their extract by distillation under reduced pressure. The dried extract thus obtained was kept in a desicator and was used for further experiments. 4.2. EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS Healthy adult male wistar rats weighing between 150-200gm were used for the present study. The animals were housed in groups of six and maintained under standard conditions (27 ±2 ºC, relative humidity 44 56% and light and dark cycles of 10 and 14 hours respectively) and fed with standard rat diet and purified drinking water ad libitum for 1 week before and during the experiments. All experiments and protocols described in present study were approved by the Institutional Animal Ethical Committee (IAEC) of P.Rami Reddy Memorial Collage of Pharmacy (1423/PO/a/11/CPCSEA/102/2014). All the experiments were performed in the morning according to current guidelines for the care of laboratory animals and the ethical guidelines for the investigation of experimental pain in conscious animals (Zimmerman, 1983). 4.3. DRUGS AND CHEMICALS Epinephrine, DTNB, Triphenyl tetrazolium chloride and isoproterenol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Bangalore. Thiobarbituric acid (TBA), trichloro acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide were obtained from SD fine chemicals Ltd Mumbai. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, tris buffer and all other reagents used were of analytical grade. CK-MB, LDH, SGOT, SGPT, ALP, Total cholesterol, HDL, and triglyceride estimation kits were obtained from Erba diagnostic Ltd. India. 4.4. INSTRUMENTS Analytical Auto analyzer (MaxLyzer NB-201), UV-Visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, Model no: 2203), Electronic balance (Shimadzu, Model no: DS-852 J), Tissue homogeniger (Ever shine, Model no: 607), Remi centrifuge (Remi, Model no: KKLO-9013). 4.5 ACUTE ORAL TOXICITY STUDY The acute oral toxicity study was done according to OECD 423 guidelines. Wistar albino rats of either sex were selected randomly and divided into six groups (n = 6). The animals were fasted overnight and extract in doses of 100, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight, were administered orally to II – VI groups. Group I which received vehicle (CMC) served as control. The animals were observed continuously for 2 hr, and then intermittently for 6 hr and at the end of 24 hours, the number of deaths was noted to determine LD50 of the extract (Annie et al., 2004). 4.6. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN 4.6.1. NEPHROPROTECTIVE ACTIVITY The experimental animals were randomly divided in to 5 groups (n= 6) and treated for duration of 21 days as per the treatment schedule given in table no: 3. Nephrotoxicity was induced by administration of Gentamycin (80 mg/kg I.P) daily for 7 days. Ethanolic extract of G. moluccanawas freshly suspended in CMC and administered to animals by oral feeding needle. Table no: 3 Treatment schedule –Evaluation of nephroprotective activity of EEGM against gentamycin induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats. I.P = Intra peritoneal, P.O = Per oral. 4.6.2. COLLECTION OF BLOOD AND URINE SAMPLES The blood samples were collected from the retrorbital venous plexus of rats without any coagulant for the separation of serum, at the regular intervals of the treatment. After collecting the blood in effindraf tubes they were kept for 1 h at room temperature and serum was separated by centrifugation at 2000 rpm for 15 min and stored until analyzed for various biochemical parameters. Urine was collected over 24 hours on the 21st day by keeping the test animals in metabolic cages. The volume of collected urine samples was measured followed by estimation of biochemical parameters, namely urine Creatinine, urine uric acid and urine urea. 4.7. PARAMETERS MONITERED 4.7.1. BIOCHEMICAL ESTMATIONS i. Estimation of Urea (Berthelot Method) Principle: The reaction sequence employed in the assay is as follows: Urea + H2O Urease 2NH3 + CO2 NH3 + Salicylate +Hypochlorite Nitropruside 2-2-Dicarboxy Indophenol Urease catalyses the conversion of Urea to Ammonia and Carbondioxide. The ammonia released reacts with a mixture of Slicylate. Hypochlorite and Nitropruside to yield a blue-green colored compound (Indophenol). The intensity of color produced is proportional to the concentration of urea in the sample and is measured photometrically at 578 nm or with yellow filter. Reagent preparation: Transfer the entire Enzyme Concentrate (1A) into Urease Reagent (1) with the dropper (or) microtip provided. Assay Procedure: Pipette into test tubes labeled Blank (B), Standard(S), Test(T) as follows. Mix and Read absorbance of Standard (S) and Test (T) against Blank (B) at 578 nm (570-620 nm) or with yellow filter. The final color is stable for 30 min. at R.T. Calculations: Blood urea nitrogen in mg/dl = a X 0.467 Urine Urea in gm/24 hours = a X 24 hrs urine volume in litres. ii. Estimation of BUN (GLDH-Urease Method) Methodology : Talke and Schubert, Tiffany et al. Principle: The estimation of Urea in serum involves the following enzyme catalyzed reactions: Urea + H2O Urease 2NH3 + CO2 NH3 + ÃŽ ±-KG + NADH GLDH Glutamate + NAD ÃŽ ±-KG : ÃŽ ±-Ketoglutarate GLDH : Glutamate dehydrogenase The rate of decrease in absorbance is monitored at 340 nm and is directly proportional to urea concentration in the sample. Procedure: Mix well, and aspirate standard followed by samples. Calculation: Determine absorbance change (ΔA) for the standard and unknown samples by using the formula. ΔA = A1 – A2 Urea = ΔA of Test Concentration of (mg/dl) ΔA OF Standard Standard (mg/dl) iii. Estimation of Uric acid (Uricase/POD) Principle: Uric acid is oxidized to Allontoin and hydrogenperoxide by the enzyme uricase. In presence of peroxidase, released hydrogen peroxide is coupled with Aniline derivative and 4-amino antipyrine (4-aap) to form colored chromogen complex. Absorbence of colored dye is measured at 550 nm and is proportional to Uric acid concentration in the sample (Schultz, 1984; Teivedi et al., 1978). Uric acid + 2H2O Uricase Allontoin + CO2 + H2O2 H2O2 + Aniline derivative + 4-AAP POD Chromogen complex + H2O2 Procedure: Mix well. Incubate at 37 ºC for 5 minutes. Programme the analyzer as per assay parameters. Blank the analyzer with reagent blank. Measure absorbance of standard followed by the test. Calculate results as per given calculation formula. Calculations: Serum/plasma/uric acid = Absorbance of Test 6 (mg/dl) Absorbance of Standard Urine uric acid = Dilution 24 hours urine volume in dl. Factor (mg/day) Conversion factor: Uric acid concentration in mmol/L = Uric acid in mg/dL 0.059 iv. Estimation of Creatinine (Mod. Jaffes Kinetic Method) Principle: Picric acid in an alkaline medium reacts with creatinine to form an orange coloured complex with the alkaline picrate. Intensity of the colour formed during the fixed time is directly proportional to the amount of creatinine present in the sample. Creatinine + Alkaline Picrate Orange Coloured Complex Procedure: Pipette into clean dry test tubes labeled as Standard (S) or Test (T): Mix well and read the initial absorbance A for the Standard and Test 1 after exactly 30 seconds. Read another absorbance A of the Standard 2 and Test exactly 60 seconds later. Calculate the change in absorbance ΔA for both the Standard and Test. For Standard Δ AS = A2 S – A1 S For Test Δ AT = A2 T – A1 T Calculations: Creatinine in mg/dl = 2.0 Urine Creatinine in g/L = x 1.0 Urine Creatinine g/24 Hrs. = Urine Creatinine in g/L x Vol. of urine in 24 Hrs. v. Estimation of Total Protein (Biuret Method ) Methodology: The peptide bonds of protein react copper ions in alkaline solution to form blue-violet complex, (biuret reaction). Each copper ion complexing with 5 or 6 peptide bonds. Tartarate is added as a stabilizer whilst iodide is used to prevent auto-reduction of the alkaline copper complex. The color formed is proportional to the protein concentration and is measured at 546nm (520-560nm). Procedure: Incubate for 10 minutes at 37 º C. Read absorbance of the standard and each test at 546 nm( 520-560 nm) against reagent blank. Calculations: Calculate the results as follows: Total Protein = Absorbance of Test Concentration of (g/dl) Absorbance of Standard Standard (g/dl) vi. Estimation of Albumin (Bromocresol Green) Principle: At pH 3.68, Albumin acts as a cation and binds to the anionic dye Bromocresol Green (BCG),forming a green colored complex. The color intensity of the complex is proportional to Albumin concentration in the sample (Gendler Proteins, 1984; Gustsfsson, 1978). Albumin + BCG Ph 3.68 Green colored complex. Procedure: Mix well. Incubate at Room Temperature (15-30 ºC) for 1 minute. Programme the analyzer as per assay parameters. Blank the analyzer with reagent blank. Measure absorbance of standard followed by the test. Calculate results as per given calculation formula. Calculations: Albumin (g/dL) = Absorbance of Test 4 Absorbance of Standard Globulin = Total Protein Albumin Conversion factor: Albumin concentration in g/L = Albumin concentration in g/dL 10 vii. Estimation of Cholestrol (CHOD-PAP Method) Methodology: Modified Roeschlau,s Method Principle: The estimation of cholesterol involves the following enzyme catalyzed reactions. Cholestrol ester CE Ckolestrol + Fatty acid Cholestrol + O2 CHOD Cholest-4-en-3-one + H2O2 2H2O2 + 4AAP + Phenol POD 4H2O + Quinoneimine CE : Cholestrol esterase CHOD : Cholestrol Oxidase 4AAP : 4-Aminoantipyrine Procedure: Mix well and incubate at 370C for 10 minutes. Aspirate Blank followed by Standard and Tests. Read the absorbance of standard and each test tube against blank at 505 nm or 505/670 nm on bichromic analyzer. Calculations: Cholestrol (mg/dL) = Absorbance of Test Concentration of Standard (mg/dl) Absorbance of Standard viii. Estimation of Glucose (GOD POP Method) Methodology: Trinder, s Method. Principle: Gucose + O2 + H2O Glucose oxidase Gluconic acid + H2O2 H2O2 + 4HBA + 4AAP Peroxidase Quinonemine Dye + 2 H2O 4AAP : 4-Aminoantipyrine 4HBA : 4-Hydroxy benzoic acid. The intensity of the pink color formed is proportional to the glucose concentration and can be measured photometrically between 500 to 540 nm. Procedure: Mix well and incubate for 10 minutes at 370 C. Read the absorbance of standard and each test tube against reagent blank at 505 nm (500-540nm) or 505/670 nm on bichromic analyzer. Calculations: Glucose = Absorbance of Test X Concentration of Standard (mg/dl) (mg/dL) Absorbance of Standard ix. Estimation of Bilirubin (BIT BID) Methodology: Diazo Method of Pearlman Lee Principle: Bilirubin reacts with diazotized sulphanilic acid in acidic medium to form pink colored azobilirubin with absorbance directly proportional to Bilirubin concentration. Direct Bilirubin, being water soluble directly reacts in acidic medium. However Indirect or unconjugated Bilirubin is solubilised using a surfactant and then it reacts similar to Direct Bilirubin. Reagent preparation: Procedure: Mix well and incubate for 5 minutes at 370 C for Total Bilirubin and Direct Bilirubin. Read Absorbance at 546/630 nm against Reagent Blank. Calculations with Factors: Total Bilirubin (mg/dl) = Abs. of Test Factor (23). 4.7.2. IN VIVO ANTIOXIDANT PARAMETERS Preparation of homogenate: The homogenate of heart was prepared as follows for the remaining animals. Reagents: 0.25 M sucrose solution: 85.87 g of sucrose was dissolved in 1000 ml of distilled water 10 mM tris buffer solution: 1.2 g of tris was dissolved in 900 ml of distilled water. pH was adjusted to 7.4 with 1M HCl and diluted up to 1000 ml. Procedure: Kidneys were excised and chopped with surgical scalp into fine slices and were chilled in the cold 0.25 M sucrose, quickly blotted with filter paper. The tissue was minced and homogenized in ice cold 10 mM tris HCl buffer (to pH 7.4) at a concentration of 10% (w/v) with 25 stokes of tight teflon pestle of glass homogenizer at a speed of 2500 rpm. The prolonged homogenization under hypotonic condition was designed to disrupt as far as possible the ventricular structure of cells so as to release soluble protein and leave only membrane and non-vascular matter in a sedimentable form. It was then centrifuged at 5000 rpm at 20o C temperature and clear supernatant was separated and used to estimate reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT) and lipidperoxidation (LPO). a). Catalase (CAT): Catalase was estimated by the method of Hugo E. Aebi method: hydrogen peroxide: hydrogen-peroxidoreductase. Principle: In UV range H2O2 can be followed directly by the decrease in absorbence (O.D 240) per unit time is measure of catalase activity. H2O2 H2 + O2 RDOH H2O + ROH + A Decomposition of H2O2 = Decrease in absorbance at 240 nm Reagents: Phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 7.0) Dissolve 6.81 g KH2PO4 in distilled water and make up to 1000 ml. Dissolve 8.9 g NaH2PO4. 2H2O in distilled water and make up to 1000 ml. Mix the solution A and B in proportion 1:15 (v/v) Hydrogen peroxide (30 mM/I): Dilute 0.34 ml of 30% Hydrogen peroxide with phosphate buffer up to 100 ml. Procedure: Dilute homogenate 20 times with Phosphate buffer pH 7.0 Calculation: Log (A / B) Ãâ€" 2297.3 Where, A: Initial absorbance B: final absorbance (after 30 second) Units =  µ moles of H2O2 consumed/min/mg b). Reduced glutathione (GSH): Reduced glutathione was determined by the method of Moran et al., 1979. Reagents: TCA (10% w/v) solution: Accurately weighed 10 g of TCA was dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water. Phosphate buffer (0.2 M, pH 8) DTNB reagent (0.6 M): 60 mg of 5,5- dithio bis (2-nitro benzoic acid) was dissolved in 100 ml of 0.2 M sodium phosphate (pH 8). Standard glutathione: Prepared by dissolving 10 mg of reduced glutathione in 100 ml of distilled water. Procedure: To 1 ml of sample, 1 ml of 10% TCA was added. The precipitated fraction was centrifuged and to 0.5 ml supernatant, 2 ml DTNB was added. The final volume was made up to 3 ml with phosphate buffer. The colour developed was read at 412 nm. The amount of glutathione was expressed as  µg of GSH/mg protein, reduced glutathione was used as standard (100  µg/ml). Y – Absorbance of test sample c). Lipid peroxidation: Lipid peroxidation was determined by the method of Slater and Sawsyer et al., 1971 Reagents: Thiobarbituric acid: 0.67% w/v in 1M tris hydrochloride pH -7, 0.67 g of thiobarbituric acid was dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water. Trichloroacetic acid (20% w/v): 20 g of TCA was dissolved in 100 ml of distilled water. Standard malondialdehyde (0-25 n.mol) A stock solution containing 50 mm/ml of 1, 1,3,3-tetra ethoxy propane in tris hydrochloride buffer in pH -7, 10 ml of stock solution was diluted to 100 ml to get a working standard 50 nm malondialdehyde/ml. This was used for preparation of calibration curves. Procedure: 2 ml of sample was mixed with 2 ml of 20% TCA and kept in ice for 15 min. The precipitate was separated by centrifugation and 2 ml of samples of clear supernatant solution were mixed with 2 ml aq. 0.67% TBA solution. This mixture was heated on a boiling water bath for 10 min. It was cooled in ice for 5 min and absorbance was read at 535 nm. The values were expressed as nm of MDA formed/mg of protein values are normalized to protein content of tissues. Y – Absorbance differences of final (after 3 min) and initial reading of test sample.

Lipsets American Creed :: essays research papers

Lipset's American Creed Liberty. Egalitarianism. Individualism. Populism. Laissez-faire. These five concepts embody the "American creed" as described by author Seymour Martin Lipset. Lipset feels that this "American creed" is representative of an ideology that all Americans share. Lipset's argument is on shaky ground, however, when scrutinized under the microscope of race. Racial relations in this country do much to undermine the validity of Lipset's argument, especially the concepts of egalitarianism and populism. Take, for example, The Deforming Mirror of Truth, the introduction to a book by Nathan Huggins entitled Black Odyssey: The African-American Ordeal in Slavery. This introduction focuses on how slavery fit into the national consciousness. Without a doubt, there is a powerful abnormality in the founding of America. The documents establishing a country where all men are created equal neglect to address, or even mention by name, those people whose lives were "merely the extension of the master's will" (Huggins xiv). Indeed, this suggests that the Founding Fathers had an "out of sight, out of mind" mentality towards the issue of slavery. While Huggins understands why the Founding Fathers may have elected to ignore the issue, he hardly thinks that it was a good idea. "It encouraged the belief that American history-its institutions, its values, its people- was one thing and racial slavery and oppression were a different story" (Huggins xii). He reinforces this idea by looking at the historical perspective that was prevalent in America until only recently. "American historians, guarding the ideological integrity of the center, have wanted to treat race and slavery as matters apart from the real, central story of American history" (Huggins xvi). Race and slavery. Two concepts that most people would agree are forever linked in America. To assume that blacks and white became equals after the Emancipation Proclamation and the Civil War is ludicrous. The South immediately began establishing what came to be known as Jim Crow laws. Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court, wrote in a court document that "black" Americans (which is to say any American of African decent) had "no rights a white man need respect". This statement included those blacks who were not slaves. Furthermore, it was only in the latter half of this century that the nation became integrated, and there are still Affirmative Action laws in place to ensure fair consideration of all individuals on the job market. Is this a country of equality? Is egalitarianism a value embraced by all Americans? It is obvious what Nathan Huggins thinks of the matter. The concept of populism also falls under fire when considered from a racial standpoint.

Marquette University Essay

Marquette is ranked No. 63 by high school and private independent school guidance counselors in 2012. It’s located in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Marquette is known for its outstanding academics, and varying majors. Additionally, Marquette is a Catholic Jesuit college, which means there are a lot of spiritual bases in finding God in everything that is done. This means in education we can find some inspiration to do better and be better, no matter what is one’s faith or traditions; the common ground for almost everything is education and its importance. With a degree from Marquette comes a lot of bragging rights, and is highly looked upon. When applying for a job Marquette stands out on a resume over most universities and colleges. Marquette is one the best universities offered in Wisconsin besides UW Madison. I believe I would like to further my first class education with Marquette because of great programs offered and the greater spiritual background received with a degree. Marquette is a top notch school and attracts a lot of perspective students, but turns them away with $40,000+ tuition a year, including room and board. To help with tuition Marquette offer a lot of scholarships to the most deserving students, and also have a great program for work grant for working for paying for college as in the cafeteria. The Free Application for Federal Student Aid (known as the FAFSA) is a form that can be prepared annually by current and prospective college students (undergraduate and graduate) in the United States to determine their eligibility for student financial aid (including the Pell Grant, Federal student loans and Federal Work-Study). Also, student loans are very reasonable and sometimes money is taken off by volunteering and community participation. Marquette and Madison are two of the best universities Wisconsin has to offer. While this is very high, this should not turn away perspective students away because they are so many scholarships that can be claimed. The ball is in the court of the student, and how proactive they are towards having reduced tuition. There is always a way around high costing tuition as in grants, scholarships, and work study/grant. Also, with the admissions into Marquette the range for ACT score is from 24-29, class rank top %33 – %8, and %25 high or lower also are admitted. Marquette offers over 115 different majors and minors in which each student has the opportunity to hone their skills. The most popular majors at Marquette University include: Business, Management, Marketing, and Related Support Services; Communication, Journalism, and Related Programs; Engineering; Health Professions and Related Programs; and Social Sciences. Within these programs we find almost all states and 70 countries represented in student population, and the average classroom size is 31 students. There is a program offered called the FFP short for Freshman Frontier Program. The Freshman Frontier Program is designed to expose freshman to college academics in a gradual way that is meaningful to you. The program begins in the summer before a freshman first term at Marquette with a five-week session on campus when freshman take credit and non-credit courses. Marquette offers a very spiritual background in the art of reflection, which is heavily influenced by its Catholic Jesuit ancestry. Faith and spirituality are an important part of life at Marquette. As a Catholic, Jesuit institution, Marquette provides an environment that foster spiritual growth in people of all faiths through religious services, community service, and personal and group retreats. Students, faculty and staff find opportunities to develop spiritually through conversations about things that matter, faith, God, social justice, a search for truth, the desire for peace. â€Å"Faith and spirituality affect the way teaching, learning, research and living take place on campus†. A strong spiritual base is needed in the young women and men of the future, either Catholic, Christian, or others there is always a spiritual connection to something, and with this the Jesuits ties it in with education and everyday life. To sum it up, Marquette continually stays on the top ranked universities in the nation, and will continue to do so if they keep up their great programs and spiritual background. The high tuition can always be subsidized by grants, scholarships, and work grant. FAFSA is a great a way for students to be prepared for the year ahead and to earn some money off of the entire tuition. This should not turn away perspective students, but should attract them for the thrill of working hard for things that are wanted. But with this, a life lesson is learned, nothing in life is free, people must work for what they want and need. That’s why I believe Marquette is a great college for me to continue my spiritual and first class education. Work Cited â€Å"WE ARE A CATHOLIC AND JESUIT UNIVERSITY. † Catholic and Jesuit. Marquette University, Fall 2012. Web. 30 Sept. 2012. . Guided By The Difference. Milwaukee: Marquette University, 2012. Print Blust, Robert, Mr. â€Å"Marquette University. † Personal interview. 30 Sept. 2012.

Destin Brass Product Co Essay

Established in 1984, Destin Brass Products Co. had grown to become a significant player in the industry of manufacturing water purification equipment. By identifying a market for water purification valves, Destin Brass quickly built brand awareness and a customer base. Destin Brass developed propriety manufacturing techniques and had a deep understanding of working with brass. This competitive advantage led Destin Brass to add pumps and flow controllers to its product range. Valves, Pumps and Flow Controllers represented 24%, 55% and 21% of company revenues respectively with each having a planned gross margin of 35%. In recent times, manufacturers of pumps had entered into a price war forcing prices down and consequently Destin Brass saw its gross margin on pump sales drop to 22%. At the same time, Destin Brass had found that the price elasticity of demand for Flow Controllers was relatively inelastic, when it increased prices by 12.5% with no effect on demand. Confused by competitor moves in the price cutting of pumps, the managers at Destin Brass considered if competitors simply didn’t know what they manufacturing costs were, but it was more likely that problems may lie within Destin Brass’s cost accounting system. Destin Brass currently had a traditional cost accounting system in place. The system took into account direct and indirect costs based on production and sales activity. Each produced unit was charged for material cost based on component costs and labour costs based on production run labour times. Overheads were then allocated in a two stage process and yielded standard unit cost of $37.6, $63.1 and $56.5 for valves, pumps and flow controllers respectively. An alternative to the traditional approach would be to forego overhead cost allocation altogether. Material and set-up labour cost overheads would be allocated to each product line and machine hours would be changed for labour dollars as the basis for allocating the remaining factory overhead. This revised approach reduced pump and flow controller unit costs to $58.9 and $47.9 but increased valve unit costs to $49. A final approach involved more accurately distributing engineering costs and the idea that activity, rather than production volume, drove costs. This activity based costing (ABC) system would be allocated on the basis of transactions. ABC yielded a standard unit cost of $47.2, $51.6 and $74.2 for valves, pumps and flow controllers respectively. The ABC system suggested that Destin Brass could reduce pump prices dramatically whilst still maintaining healthy margins and at the same time increase flow controller prices to maximise profits. The case illustrates that misused cost accounting systems can have serious strategic implications for a business.